German Housing Policies in Transition: From Unitarity to Diversity

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  • 転換期のドイツ住宅政策−ユニタリズムから多様化へ−
  • 転換期のドイツ住宅政策 : ユニタリズムから多様化へ
  • テンカンキ ノ ドイツ ジュウタク セイサク : ユニタリズム カラ タヨウカ エ

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Abstract

This study examines the transition in German housing policies with regard to the emergence of small housing projects that cater to specific regional contexts and demands. Social housing scheme has changed dramatically over the past two decades in Germany. Originally designed as a state-subsidized housing program 　for a broad spectrum of society, it has now shifted to providing residualized support on a much smaller scale to those who cannot afford to purchase a house in the housing market. As a result of institutional reform, social housing has further decentralized. The federal government has withdrawn financial support, and devolved it to the states in 2006. Each state has instituted its own program, which responds to specific regional contexts and demands. On the other hand, housing allowances offered by the government consider the economic ability of a household to access adequate housing. Their individual transfer effect is highly evaluated as a purposely designed system. However, the Hartz IV Reforms of 2005 have caused problems by making housing benefit an alternative to housing allowances. Recently, in urban regions with high growth, small but innovative housing projects have implemented regional policies and successfully moved beyond pilot phases, stimulating a new perspective on housing policies.

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