Expected and Unexpected Relationships among Military Bases, Japanese Rearmament, and “Mutual Defense” Arrangements: Legal Meanings and Interpretations of the 1951 U.S.-Japan Security Treaty

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  • 基地, 再軍備, 2国間安全保障関係の態様 :
  • 1951年日米安全保障条約の法的意味とその理解

Abstract

<p>Japanese conservative political leaders as well as people in the Foreign Office believed, by and large, at least until around the mid-1950s, that Japan would be able to request the U.S. government to replace the 1951 U.S.-Japan Security Treaty with a more mutual defense arrangement and to withdraw American forces from Japanese mainland, when Japan established its defense capabilities. Yet mutual defense treaties did neither inevitably carry military bases in contracting parties; nor the 1951 Security Treaty clarified the trade-offs between the stationing of U.S. forces in Japan and Japanese rearmament. This article explains Japanese leaders’ assumption on the relationships among military bases, Japanese rearmament, and “mutual defense” arrangements, by examining the process through which the 1951 Security Treaty was created and was ratified in the Japanese Diet. With particularly focusing on the fact that the 1951 Security Treaty stipulated arrangements on military bases and legal status of the bilateral security relationship as one package―completely different from many of other defense treaties in the West―and was concluded as a tentative agreement, the author argues the structure, legal meanings, and the interpretations of the treaty.</p>

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