Hind wingtip variation, seasonal activity, reproductive strategy and feeding habits of <i>Chlaenius naeviger</i> (Coleoptera: Carabidae) as a bioindicator of Satoyama landscape

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  • 里山の環境指標生物としてのアトボシアオゴミムシ（オサムシ科）の後翅端変異と季節消長，繁殖様式，食性
  • サトヤマ ノ カンキョウ シヒョウ セイブツ ト シテ ノ アトボシアオゴミムシ(オサムシカ)ノ ゴシタン ヘンイ ト キセツ ショウチョウ,ハンショク ヨウシキ,ショクセイ

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Abstract

<p>We conducted sampling between 2011–2013 using pitfall and flight interception-malaise traps in Satoyama landscape (Chiba, Japan). Chlaenius naeviger Morawitz showed variation in the apical part of hind wings; short-wingtip and normal-wingtip types. We investigated differences between the two types, regarding the lengths of hind wings, body, femur of hind legs and the number of ovarian eggs. We examined seasonal activities based on weekly surveys, and reproductive strategy and adult feeding habits by dissection.</p><p>Dissection suggested that this species is an early summer breeder and lays few-large eggs. Gut contents were examined by adding Bradford-Dye-Reagent and Iodine solution to test the presence of protein and starch, and checked the fragments of prey microscopically. The tests revealed that it is a carnivorous predator which eats larger prey than itself, and is not a seed eater.</p><p>The ratio of short-wingtip and normal-wingtip types was 56％ and 44％ respectively. The hind wings with short-wingtip were significantly shorter than those with normal-wingtips. However, the size distribution of these two types broadly overlapped, indicating a continuous and not a dimorphic variation. The body and the femur length were significantly longer in the short-wingtip than in normal-wingtip type, while the egg numbers were not significantly different between them.</p><p>Ch. naeviger is widely distributed in Satoyama landscape consisting of forests, paddies, farms and grasslands. The wingtip variations of this species might be controlled by environmental factors like a phase variation to adapt to various ecosystems.</p>

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