An Examination of the Efficacy of Head-Raising Exercise Methods for Guiding Suprahyoid Muscle Activity

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  • 舌骨上筋群の筋活動を効果的に導く頭部挙上方法の検討
  • ゼッコツ ジョウキングン ノ キン カツドウ オ コウカテキ ニ ミチビク トウブキョジョウホウホウ ノ ケントウ

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Abstract

<p>　Purpose:　Head-raising (Shaker) exercises are one of the methods for improving the activity of the suprahyoid muscles. Head-and-neck elevation movements are of three kinematic types: head, neck, and combined head-and-neck flexion. However, it is unclear which of the three types is most effective. Therefore, we examined and compared the effects of the three types of flexion on the suprahyoid muscles.</p><p>　Method:　A total of 25 healthy elderly individuals aged 65 years were recruited. We determined the electromyographic activities of the suprahyoid and sternocleidomastoid muscles during head, neck, and combined head-and-neck flexion by the participants. Each task was measured twice, and there was a 30- second break between tasks. The analysis interval was set to 3 s after stabilization of the elevation. The average amplitude over 3 s was determined. The larger of the two mean values was used as the representative value. Muscle activity during head flexion was normalized to 100%, and the rate of change for neck, and combined head-and-neck flexion were calculated. Muscle activity during each task was compared using Friedman’s test and multiple comparisons. The significance level was set at 5%.</p><p>　Results:　The suprahyoid muscle activities were as follows (median [interquartile range]): head flexion, 100%; neck flexion, 68.8% [51.7-97.8%]; and head-and-neck flexion, 64.4% [46.8-95.6%]. Muscle activity during head flexion was significantly higher than during neck flexion and head-and-neck flexion. The sternocleidomastoid muscle activities were as follows (median [interquartile range]): head flexion, 100%; neck flexion, 173.3% [105.9-255.0%], and head-and-neck flexion, 144.3% [118.0-255.0%]. The muscle activity during head flexion was significantly lower than during neck and head-and-neck flexion.</p><p>　Conclusion:　Head flexion is the most effective type of head-raising movement. We plan to investigate its effects on swallowing in future interventional studies.</p>

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