動機づけ機能としての自伝的記憶 : 感動体験の分析から

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  • Autobiographical Memories as a Motivational Function : Based on Analyses of Impressive Experiences
  • ドウキズケ キノウ トシテノ ジデンテキ キオク カンドウ タイケン ノ ブン

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抄録

A new frame of motivational study that autobiographical memory would function as motivation was proposed. As the first step of our new research, we aimed at collecting autobiographical memories such as impressive talks and experiences and classifying them into some categories. In Study I, subjects were asked to describe freely their impressive talks and words given by their families, teachers, friends and mass media. The subjects were 78 junior high school students, 774 senior high school students and 157 university students. As a result, it was shown that mass media as indirect information source brought more impressive talks and words to the subjects rather than did significant persons as direct information sources, i. e. fathers, mothers and teachers. Also, female students recalled more impressive talks and words than did male students. The themata of these talks and words were classified into several categories in each information source, which were named as hardships or endeavor, affection or friendship, way of living, encouragement and so on. In Study II, university students and adults (nurses) as the subjects were requested to describe two impressive experiences, including their own behaviors that had never been collected in Study I. In the case of the limited numbers of impressive memories, both groups of subjects recalled and wrote their own behaviors more frequently than significant persons' talks and words. However, it was suggested that the contents and the time of impressive experiences were different between university students and adults. It seemed that the subjects' occupation and their life span caused the differences. From these studies, it was concluded that impressive autobiographical memories have a possibility as a motivational function although what mechanism or process from impressive autobiographical memories to motivation works and to what extent the strength of motivation is determined by the kinds of autobiographical memories should be examined in the future.

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