青年期における過剰適応研究の動向と今後の課題

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  • A review of studies about over-adaptation in adolescence

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The present study is a review of “over-adaptation” in adolescence. In this study, the author reviewed the definitions and measures of over-adaptation, constructed a comprehensive model of overadaptation and its relevant factors, and clarified the trends and future directions of studies about overadaptation in adolescence. At first, this study clarified that there were many definitions and measures of over-adaptation by reviewing previous studies. Then, the author suggested two ways of understanding over-adaptation for the purpose of integrating knowledge of previous studies and making future studies accumulated more systematically. That is, one is (a) over-adaptation with internal maladjustment, and the other is (b) over-adaptation as a risk factor for internal maladjustment. Secondly, this study classified relevant factors of over-adaptation into two categories, (a) the factors explaining over-adaptation and (b) the ones affected by over-adaptation. In addition, explanatory factors of over-adaptation were classified into intrapersonal factors and interpersonal (environmental) ones. From this perspective, this study suggested that intrapersonal and interpersonal factors influenced over-adaptation and it was important to consider both factors to understand over-adaptation. Kazama & Hiraishi (submitted) considered that interaction of intrapersonal and interpersonal factors formed over-adaptation in relationships with parents, peers, and teachers, and developed Over-Adaptation Scale - Relationships Specified (OAS-RS) measuring the extent to which an individual engages to over-adaptive behavior in relationships with parents, peers, teachers, respectively. Like that, future studies may need to consider the diversity of over-adaptation in adolescence. Finally, this study showed that most previous studies were based on cross-sectional data. Then, longitudinal studies will be needed to investigate occurrence and developmental processes of overadaptation.

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