Verification of Radiation Exposure Using Lead Shields

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  • 遮蔽を用いた放射線照射の確認

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A long time use of radiation during IVR (intervention radiology) treatment leads up to an increased exposure on IVR operator. In order to prepare good environment for the operator to work without worry about exposure, the authors examined exposure reduction with the shields attached to the angiography instrument, i. e. lead curtain and lead glass. In this study, the lumber spine phantom was radiated using the instrument and the radiation leaked outside with and without shields was measured by the ionization chamber type survey meter. The meter was placed at the position which was considered to be that for IVR operator, and changed vertically 20-100cm above X-ray focus by 10cm interval. The radiation at the position of 80cm above X-ray focus was maximum without shield and was hardly reduced with lead curtain. However, it was reduced with lead curtain plus lead glass. Similar reduction effects were observed at the position of 90-100cm above X-ray focus. On the other hand, the radiation at the position of 70cm above X-ray focus was not reduced with either shield, because that position corresponded to the gap between lead curtain and lead glass. The radiation at the position of 20-60cm above X-ray focus was reduced with lead curtain, even if without lead glass. These results show that lead curtain and lead glass attached to the instrument can reduce the radiation exposure on IVR operator. Using these shields is considered to be one of good means for IVR operator to work safely.

X線透視(IVR)治療における長時間の放射線使用は,術者の被曝増大につながる。本研究では,IVR術者が被曝の心配なく検査に集中できる環境を整えるため,装置付属の鉛カーテンおよび鉛ガラスなどの遮蔽体を用いることによる術者の被曝低減効果を調べた。実際には,腰椎ファントムに対して放射線照射を行い,遮蔽体の有無による放射線量の変化を電離箱サーベイメータによって調べた。サーベイメータの位置は,IVRで術者が立つ位置で上下に変化させた。その変化は,X線焦点を基準にして上方20-100cmで10cm間隔とした。X線焦点より上方80cmの位置は,遮蔽体なしでは最も高い線量であったが,鉛カーテンのみでは殆ど線量減少効果が認められず,鉛ガラスを加えることで減少効果が認められた。さらに上方90-100cmでも,同様の効果が得られた。一方,X線焦点より上方70cmは鉛カーテンと鉛ガラスの隙間に当たり,これら遮蔽体の減少効果は認められなかった。また,X線焦点より上方20-60cmは,鉛カーテンのみでも被曝減少効果が認められた。これらの結果から,鉛カーテンと鉛ガラスの併用はIVR術者の被曝を低減し,術者が治療に専念出来る環境を整える手段の1つと考えられる。

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