Chemical characteristics of precipitation and streamwater at the Ashoro Research Forest and Kasuya Research Forest

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  • Chiwa Masaaki
    Division of Forest Ecosphere Science and Management, Department of Forest and Forest Products Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University
  • Ide,Jun'ichiro
    Department of Forest and Forest Products Sciences, Graduate Schools of Bioresource and Bioenvironmental Sciences, Kyushu University, Sasaguri
  • Ohgi Daisuke
    Ashoro Research Forest, Kyushu University, Ashoro, Hokkaido
  • Tashiro Naoaki
    Division of Forest Ecosphere Science and Management, Department of Forest and Forest Products Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University
  • Koga Shinya
    Division of Forest Ecosphere Science and Management, Department of Forest and Forest Products Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University
  • Shibata Hideaki
    Department of Forest and Forest Products Sciences, Graduate Schools of Bioresource and Bioenvironmental Sciences, Kyushu University, Sasaguri
  • Sato Fuyuki
    Field Science Center for Northern Biosphere, Hokkaido University
  • Otsuki Kyoichi
    Division of Forest Ecosphere Science and Management, Department of Forest and Forest Products Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University

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Other Title
  • 北海道演習林及び福岡演習林における降水, 渓流水中の化学成分の特徴
  • ホッカイドウ エンシュウリン オヨビ フクオカ エンシュウリン ニ オケル コウスイ ケイリュウ スイチュウ ノ カガク セイブン ノ トクチョウ

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Abstract

The effects of air quality and bedrock on the characteristics of precipitation and streamwater chemistry at the Takuhoku Experimental Watershed （TEW）, Ashoro Research Forest, and Ochozu Experimental Watershed （OEW）, Kasuya Research Forest were investigated from June 2005 to June 2006. Precipitation, bulk precipitation, and streamwater were collected at TEW and bulk precipitation and streamwater were collected at OEW. The results showed that the annual pH value of bulk precipitation was higher than that of the precipitation at TEW. Annual concentrations of major ions except for H+, especially Ca_2^+ and NH_4^+ , in bulk precipitation were higher than those of precipitation due to gaseous and particulate dry deposition during non-precipitation. This result implies that alkaline earth metals and atmospheric ammonia are the major cause of the increase in pH value in bulk precipitation at TEW. NH_4^+ concentration and deposition of bulk participation were higher at TEW than those at OEW, whereas NO_3^- and SO_4^(2-) deposition were higher at OEW than those at TEW, indicating the effect of air quality. The annual values of pH in bulk precipitation were 4.5 and 5.3 at OEW and TEW, respectively. The difference between the watersheds could be caused by the higher concentrations of atmosphericallyderived NO_3^- and SO_4^(2-) in bulk precipitation at OEW and the higher concentrations of NH_4^+, K^+, Ca^(2+) in bulk precipitation at TEW than those at OEW. Concentrations of NO_3^- and SO_4^(2-) in streamwater were considerably higher at OEW than those at TEW. This could be caused by the higher deposition of NO_3^- and SO_4^(2-) at OEW than those at TEW. As well, higher pH and Mg_2+ concentrations in streamwater were found at OEW than at TEW, whereas K+ concentration was higher at TEW than at OEW. This could be due to the different bedrock type between TEW and OEW. A significant positive relationship was found between pH and Mg^(2+) concentration in streamwater at OEW.

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