北西ミャンマーにおけるトウガラシ属遺伝資源の共同探索，2019年

Under the Plant Genetic Resources in Asia project, the National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO) and the Department of Agriculture Research, Myanmar have conducted several collaborative explorations in Myanmar since 2014. As part of the project, we mainly surveyed and gathered Capsicum plant genetic resources in Northwest Myanmar from November 3-11, 2019. In the survey, we visited Hkamti, Lahe, and Lay Shi townships in the Sagaing division and collected 61 accessions from farmers’ storages, backyards, or fields. The accessions included 52 chili peppers (Capsicum spp.) and nine other vegetables. Regarding the collected Capsicum plant accessions, we observed two major pungent types: one was called “Kala Aw” and the other “Shwe Lan Bo” in Burmese. “Kala Aw” mainly belonged to C. frutescens and had elliptic or elongate-formed fruits. In contrast, “Shwe Lan Bo” was identified as C. chinense and exhibited fusiform fruit shapes. They also had C. chinense-specific strong pungent and fruity flavors, which were similar to those of “Bhut Jolokia” (C. chinense) cultivated by the Naga ethnic group in northeast India. Although both “Kala Aw” and “Shwe Lan Bo” are pungent chili peppers, the later was preferably cultivated and utilized in Northwest Myanmar. Half of the collected seeds were preserved in the Seed Bank in Myanmar, and the subsets were also transferred to the Gene Bank in NARO under the standard material transfer agreement.

本報告は農林水産省委託プロジェクト研究「海外植物遺伝資源の民間等への提供促進」のもと実施された，北西ミャンマーにおける植物遺伝資源の共同探索・収集に関する報告である．本探索は国立研究開発法人農業・食品産業技術総合研究機構（NARO）とミャンマー農業省農業研究局間で締結された共同研究協定に基づいて2019年11月3～11月11日に行われた．調査では，北西ミャンマーに位置するザガイン地方域のカムティ，ラヘおよびレイシーにて，トウガラシ属植物を主とする植物遺伝資源の探索を行い，現地の市場をはじめ，農家の裏庭などから成熟果実および種子の収集を行った．調査の結果，トウガラシ属植物52点および，その他9点を合わせた合計61点の植物遺伝資源が収集された．果実形態や花冠色に基づき，トウガラシ属植物の種同定を行った結果，収集された52点は，アニューム種15点，フルテッセンス種18点，ならびにキネンセ種19点に分類された．北西ミャンマーでは現地名で‘カラオ’と呼ばれる強い辛味をもつフルテッセンス種のトウガラシがみられたほか，‘シェーランブー’と呼ばれる辛味が非常に強いキネンセ種のトウガラシがみられた．‘シェーランブー’は北インド在来の辛味品種‘ブートジョロキア’とその果実形態が類似しており，北西ミャンマーで暮らすナガ族の食文化において重要なトウガラシであった．収集された種子のうち，半量はミャンマーのシードバンクに保存され，残りの半量は標準材料移転契約（SMTA）に基づいてNAROのジーンバンクに移転・保存された．

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