Core Concepts and Reciprocal Effects in Work and Personality Studies

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Other Title
  • 職業とパーソナリティ研究の主要概念と交互作用効果
  • ショクギョウ　ト　パーソナリティ　ケンキュウ　ノ　シュヨウ　ガイネン　ト　コウゴ　サヨウ　コウカ

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This paper reviews studies of work and personality conducted by Melvin L. Kohn, Carmi Schooler and their colleagues since the late 1950s. Their studies are based on the long-term panel surveys in America and cross-national surveys comparing America, Poland, Japan and Ukraine. In this paper, we focus on the main research literature of the first and the second wave panel studies in America. First, we examine Class and Conformity (Kohn [1969]1977). In this book, Kohn constructed the fundamental concepts and ideas of Work and Personality Studies. The main conclusion of this book is that social stratification position affects an individual' s conditions of work, and these conditions of work in tum affect their personality. We call this causal relationship the “Class and Conformity thesis". The book provides the basic framework for subsequent studies. In Work and Personality (Kohn and Schooler 1983), Kohn and Schooler develop this basic framework further. In this book, they argued that there are reciprocal effects between work and personality. Reciprocal effects mean that work both affects and is affected by personality. We call this relationship the “Work and Personality thesis. They also try to expand the subjects and arenas explained by this thesis. First, they explore whether the thesis is applicable to not only men but also women. Second, they try to apply the thesis to the relationship between personality and leisure time activities or household affairs. These analyses of women, leisure time activities, and household affairs lead to their subsequent studies.

Journal

  • 年報人間科学

    年報人間科学 26 1-18, 2005-03-31

    Sociology, Anthropology and Philosophy, Graduate School of Human Sciences, Osaka University

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