異文化間トレランスの向上に関する一考察 : ドイツにおける異文化間能力を巡る議論から

The purpose of this paper is to point out some arguments in the discussion about intercultural competence in Germany and to consider its relatedness with intercultural tolerance. It is essential to demonstrate the discussion points taking place in Germany, which already has a multicultural society, for a discussion about the realization of intercultural tolerance. Firstly, the translation of "tolerance" in Japanese will be explained in order to point out the broader meaning of "tolerance" in other societies. A review based on Yoshitani (2001), who discusses the change for the meaning of "tolerance" in Europe, will also be looked at. After that, a discussion by Diehm (2000) and Nieke (2000(1995)) in Germany, will be referred to. They clearly show that the acquisition of tolerance is a task of intercultural education and that tolerance is related with the chance not only to accept a different culture, but also to notice our own value and system of thinking. Secondly, the main discussion on intercultural competence in Germany will be discussed. Mecheril (2002, 2004) criticizes the intercultural competence based on culturalization (Kulturalisierung). He points out that it is to divert attention from the social disadvantages of immigrants by focusing on their culture. Leenen/GroB/ Grosch (2002) also criticize the cultural perspective, but while they criticize the intercultural competence based on the cultural perspective, they acknowledge the importance of intercultural competence. As defined by them, it is realized from the culturalization and cultural perspective. Thirdly, a possibility of intercultural competence for an organization for the establishment of a tolerant society will be looked at. In this possibility for the competence of an organization, intercultural openness is a very important factor. It is essential to reflect the immigrant situation in the structure of the organization. In the organization, staff with intercultural competence should be used as much as possible to support immigrants. In conclusion, these descriptions will tell why the discussion about intercultural tolerance has not developed and the arguments related with intercultural competence. Being tolerant is not only to accept differences, but also to make interaction in the process of confronting conflicts. Moreover, a more tolerant society might be realized if people with intercultural competence and tolerance gather in the community. The future discussion for this paper should consider how to improve intercultural competence for both the people and the organization.