成人における愛着スタイルと愛着行動の状況間一貫性

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タイトル別名
  • Adult attachment styles and consistency of attachment behaviors across situations
  • セイジン ニ オケル アイチャク スタイル ト アイチャク コウドウ ノ ジョウキョウ カン イッカンセイ

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The purpose of this study was twofold: (1)To investigate to what extent adults when placed in attachment situations (those that arouse negative affects and, therefore, likely activate their attachment behavioral system) would use attachment behavior strategies (ABS, those of coping with negative affects through interactions with others), compared with self-resolving coping strategies (SRCS, those of coping without recourse to others), and (2) to verify situational consistency of attachment behaviors for 4 attachment styles. In Study 1, we asked 324 college students to describe their coping behaviors in the daily situations that had evoked negative affects, and qualitatively analyzed what coping strategies (ABS vs. SRCS) they used more frequently in such attachment situations. In Study 2, we examined situational consistency of attachment behaviors across 12 attachment situations for 4 attachment styles, which was theoretically assumed but never tested, in addition to quantitatively replicating the findings of Study 1. The main findings of two studies were as follows: (1) Adults used ABS to the same or less extent than SRCS. (2) Although Fearful were revealed to possess ABS in their repertoire of coping strategies, they were less likely to use them, compared with other attachment styles. (3) In general, Secure and Preoccupied used ABS more frequently than Dismissing and Fearful, those differences among styles being more pronounced in the situations of "damages to close relationships" and "strange situations." Those findings can be interpreted to demonstrate situational consistency of attachment behaviors in adults.

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