歐洲戰爭と科學振興のジレンマ --中國における第一次世界大戰報道とその思想的影響--

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書誌事項

タイトル別名
  • The Dilemma Caused by the European War and the Promotion of Science : News Reports of World War I in China and Their Impact upon Intellectuals
  • オウシュウ センソウ ト カガク シンコウ ノ ジレンマ : チュウゴク ニ オケル ダイイチジ セカイ タイセン ホウドウ ト ソノ シソウテキ エイキョウ
  • 欧洲戦争と科学振興のジレンマ --中国における第一次世界大戦報道とその思想的影響--

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In 1914 when World War I began, many newspapers and magazines in China reported on the war, and one of their keywords was "science". Du Yaquan 杜亜泉, who had argued that science was necessary to modernize China, covered the Western sciences and technologies mobilized for military purposes in his magazine Dongfang Zazhi 東方雑誌 (The Eastern Miscellany) and advocated military preparedness 尚武 to a pacifist-leaningChina. The magazine Kexue 科学 (Science), first published in 1915, also regarded the war as an opportunity to appeal to the Chinese people regarding the usefulness of science. This was the atmosphere under which the Chinese New Culture Movement 新文化運動 and the famous Xin Qingnian 新青年 (La Jeunesse), which flew the flagof "science and democracy, " were also started duringthe period of the World War I. However, as the war dragged on and threatened to become a quagmire, Chinese intellectuals started to suspect that it was this very science that exacerbated the disastrous war. Du Yaquan and his Dongfang Zazhi also started to see the disaster of war and science as problems of Western civilization, and argued that Eastern civilization, which made a point of spirituality and peace, was the equal of Western civilization in terms of values, and thus the Chinese people should not commit themselves to Western civilization entirely, but harmonize the two civilizations. Contrary to this, Chen Duxiu 陳独秀 and his Xin Qingnian insisted that the peace only brought about stagnation, and that war itself was the key to social progress, and totally affirmed war, science, and the Western civilization as a set necessary for human society. Dongfang Zazhi and Xin Qingnian shared a common framework, but had different views of World War I, so the conflict between the two magazines was unavoidable. Kexue took another position. It tried to separate science from the war, and insisted that science alone could bringpeace. However, it is unlikely that the most Chinese people accepted this idea. After the war, Chen Duxiu and Xin Qingnian introduced Marxist "scientific socialism" into China, and grew close to Soviet Russia. This may have been one of the means for Chinese intellectuals to solve the dilemma involving Western civilization, science and war that the World War I had brought them.

収録刊行物

  • 東洋史研究

    東洋史研究 75 (4), 745-767, 2017-03-30

    東洋史研究会

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