Religious Policy of the Mongol Political Affairs Committee for Local Autonomy: On the Way to Modern Inner Mongolia

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  • モンゴル地方自治政務委員会とその宗教政策 : 内モンゴルの近代への途
  • モンゴル チホウ ジチ セイム イインカイ ト ソノ シュウキョウ セイサク : ウチモンゴル ノ キンダイ エ ノ ミチ

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On April 23, 1934, the Mongol Local Autonomy Political Affairs Committee was officially established as the local government in Bailingmiao, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region. However, the shortlived Mongol Local Autonomy Political Affairs Committee survived for less than two years from its establishment to collapse. Nevertheless, the Mongol Local Autonomy Political Affairs Committee was the pinnacle of the modern Inner Mongolian nationalist movement. In this paper, as a part of the study of Mongolian government, the inherent political and religious relationships in Inner Mongolia were analyzed in an exploration of the regional dynamics including the nationalist movement and the high-ranked monks’ religious activities to identify the religious policy of the Mongol Local Autonomy Political Affairs Committee. The Buddhist reforms in Inner Mongolia were inspired by external impacts, such as religious freedom and the separation of religion and politics. The reforms aimed to “purify” Tibetan Buddhism, which was at the center of traditional Mongolian philosophy, from the modern Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region. An internal faction of Mongolian society reexamined the inherent political and religious relationships by retaining control over the Buddhist temples.

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