<Articles>Sharī'a as a System of Responsibilities: Historical Formulation of Islamic Rules (Aḥkām) and its Five Categories to Encompass All Human Acts in Islamic Jurisprudence ('Ilm Uṣūl al-Fiqh)

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  • KOSUGI Yasushi
    立命館大学立命館アジア・日本研究機構特別招聘研究教授・京都大学名誉教授

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Other Title
  • <論考>責任の体系としてのシャリーア --イスラーム法源学による法規定の定式化と5範疇への収斂の構造--
  • 責任の体系としてのシャリーア : イスラーム法源学による法規定の定式化と5範疇への収斂の構造
  • セキニン ノ タイケイ ト シテ ノ シャリーア : イスラームホウ ゲンガク ニ ヨル ホウ キテイ ノ テイシキカ ト 5ハンチュウ エ ノ シュウレン ノ コウゾウ

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Abstract

9th to 11th centuries C.E. into the science of Islamic jurisprudence ('Ilm Uṣūl al-Fiqh). This article investigates who elaborated the so-called Five Categories of Islamic Rules in the period when this science took its defi nite form, looking into the foundational books of Islamic jurisprudence among the five major theologian-jurists, namely, Qāḍī 'Abd al-Jabbār (Mu'tazilate - Shafi 'ite), Abū al-Ḥusayn al-Baṣrī (Mu'tazilate - Hanafite), Qāḍī al-Bāqillānī (Ash'arite - Malikite), Imām al-̣Haramayn al-Juwaynī (Ash'arite - Shafi 'ite), and fi nally al-Ghazālī (Ash'arite - Shafi 'ite). The concept of taklīf, which covers four of the categories of divine order and prohibition, but not the category of mubāḥ, the permitted and free to choose, is also considered within the historical backgrounds of thought development. Finally, the article proposes, based on these investigations and findings, to envision the Sharī'a as a system of responsibilities for human acts, not as a system of religious duties or obligations.

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  • イスラーム世界研究

    イスラーム世界研究 14 179-208, 2021-03-19

    Center for Islamic Area Studies at Kyoto University (KIAS)

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