近代日本における災害のアーカイブズ化　――行政組織による「災害誌」編纂事業――

本稿は、近代日本における災害誌の編纂事業について検討するものである。災害誌とは、災害の記憶をアーカイブズ化し、後世へ継承することを目的に掲げて編纂される記念誌のことである。災害誌は、特に明治期以降、頻繁に作成・刊行され、以後の災害（史）研究の基本材料とされてきた。近年でも、東日本大震災などを対象とした災害誌が編纂され続けている。　本稿では、その中でも行政組織の手になる災害誌を分析対象とした。とりわけ、災害誌編纂史上の画期となる関東大震災後に編まれた災害誌を中心に考察した。具体的には、災害誌について、①編纂・刊行状況の概要把握、似目的・意図の解明、③編纂過程の検証と資料の作成・収集・保存との関係分析、を行った。　検討の結果、敗戦までに行政組織によって刊行された災害誌の概況を把握できた。また、行政組織による災害誌編纂の目的には、皇室の「恩賜」や民間の義捐活動に対する説明および行政の対応が十分かつ適正であったことの証明、といった政治的な意図が含まれていたことを明らかにした。その上で、災害誌の編纂は、災害関係公文書の作成・収集・保存と背中合わせの関係にあり、「一次資料」のあり方に正負さまざまな影響を及ぼしうることを指摘した。　以上は、行政組織による現在／将来の災害誌編纂、さらには災害記憶のアーカイブズ化に関する事業を見直すための基礎作業として行ったものである。This paper offers an examination of the compilation of records of natural disasters throughout early modern Japan. Such compiling records essentially seek to archive memories of various natural disasters in order that these memories may be transmitted to posterity. Since the Meiji period (latter half of the nineteenth century to early twentieth century), these records have been compiled and published with great frequency, forming the basis for research into the history of natural disasters in Japan. Records of the Great East Japan Earthquake were likewise compiled.This paper focuses on those records of natural disasters compiled by governmental organizations, especially those produced after the Great Kantō Earthquake of 1923, an event which serves as a turning point in the history of disasters in Japan. The three objectives of this paper are as follows: 1. to present an overview of the compilation and publication of these records; 2. to explain the purpose and intensions of these records; 3. to analyze the relationship between, on the one hand, the act of verifying information during the compilation process, and, on the other, the creation, collection, and preservation of material for these records.Taken as a whole, this paper presents a summary of records of natural disasters published by governmental organizations up until Japan’s defeat in the Second World War. I argue that, through these records, the government aimed at explaining, first, the virtuous benevolence of the imperial house, including its donations to the victims of disasters, and second, that the government was sufficiently active in their response to a given disaster. The compilation of records of natural disasters came to be seen as something nearly akin to the production, collection, and preservation of public documents, which consequently influenced contemporary attitudes towards so-called primary sources.I hope to offer here a fundamental step towards a reconsideration of how and to what ends governmental organizations compiled records of natural disasters, both now and in the future, as well as how our memories of natural disasters are archived.

source:http://nrd.nihu.jp/html/100000380_ja.html