分子系統地理学に生態ニッチモデリングがもたらす新展開と課題

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  • Ecological niche modeling provides novel developments in phylogeography: applications and limitations
  • ブンシ ケイトウ チリガク ニ セイタイ ニッチモデリング ガ モタラス シン テンカイ ト カダイ

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Understanding species distribution patterns is a long-standing challenge in biodiversity assessments and spatiotemporal shifts in these patterns has recently been the focus of many studies within the fields of palaeoecology and phylogeography. Due to recent advances in ecological niche models （ENM）, it is now possible to reconstruct past species distributions, thus ENM combined with genetic-based inference has the potential to provide new insights in phylogeography, which were not possible using traditional approaches, by taking into account the spatiotemporal dynamics of distribution ranges, niche shifts, demographic events, and local adaptations. In this review paper, we give overviews of several topics, including: 1） the introduction of recent advances in ENM, as well as the problems associated with traditional approaches of reconstructing past species distributions in palaeoecology; 2） niche shifts along temporal scales; 3） the inference of past demographic history based on genetic data and ENM; and 4） the estimation of the distribution of genetic variation in relation to local adaptation. Although we have reached a new stage of phylogeography incorporating ENM, some limitations remain. Thus, we discuss how to apply the current tools to advance the study and application of phylogeography, as well as the need for further development within the field.

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