難民保護におけるホモセクシュアリティ概念の採用―ゲイとレズビアン難民によるナラティヴ構築の事例から

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タイトル別名
  • Refugee Protection and the Use of the Notion of Homosexuality:Narrative Construction of Gay and Lesbian Asylum Seekers
  • ナンミン ホゴ ニ オケル ホモセクシュアリティ ガイネン ノ サイヨウ : ゲイ ト レズビアン ナンミン ニ ヨル ナラティヴ コウチク ノ ジレイ カラ

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This paper aims to disclose the issues of the relationship between refugee/asylum status and sexuality through an analysis of the experiences of gay and lesbian asylum seekers and the dominant notion of sexuality in the United States. The asylum status determination process, which is a part of immigration control, has been developed with two different discourses around an identity-based homosexuality: one is about human rights for gays and lesbians, and the other is for the exclusion of illegal and deviant foreigners at the border. Previous studies have pointed out that within this system, the credibility of gay and lesbian asylum testimony is legitimized by the dominant US-centered notion of homosexuality, what katyal （2002）refers as substitutive model of sexuality, and individuals who fall outside of the accepted paradigms are marginalized. It is not enough to evaluate the perceptions of gay and lesbian asylum-seekers against this model of sexuality by mainly studying legal documents and during the process assume the asylum-seekers are powerless. Research in the form of interviews was conducted in New York City and produced several accounts of this problem. The findings show that asylum-seekers are the ones who make decisions and learn a new concept of sexuality, which in turn aids them in constructing strategic asylum narratives. Regardless of the fact that the applicants’ sexualities are uniquely perceived by different notions in their home countries, during their asylum application and narrative construction they reduced their sexuality only to what could be understood as a substitutive model to be gay enough for asylum. However, they are not fully absorbed by the model because they remind themselves that sexuality is not the very base of their personality. Not only are they taking on the dominant notion, but they deal with it in a more complex context of their lives in their country of asylum.

収録刊行物

  • Gender and Sexuality

    Gender and Sexuality (9), 63-89, 2014-03-31

    国際基督教大学ジェンダー研究センター

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