How Was Biology Education Reformed in Russia after the Lysenko Period?

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<p>This paper tackles the problem of the reform of biology education in Russia after T. D. Lysenko's monopoly over biological sciences ended in 1965. The reform became an unprecedented opportunity in which not only responsible biologists and pedagogists but thousands of biology teachers were involved, whether willingly or not. In this paper, we review the progress of the reform through three tasks. First, we appraise the restoration of Mendel‒Morgan genetics courses into Russian universities, especially provincial ones, where it was almost unknown compared with central universities such as Leningrad State University. Second, we elucidate in detail the backstage discussions for creation of the new biology curriculum for the secondary education. Third, we examine the problems surrounding modern biology education in Russia to assess the results of educational reforms since 1965 and consider their historical meaning. In conclusion, the conflict between certain reformers influenced the selection of a draft of the new biology program, while biology teachers showed various reactions to the new program depending on their educational background during the Lysenko period. On the other hand, a revamp of the genetics course in educational institutions, and development of genetics research in Russia after 1965 depended on the successful management of the system for training teachers.</p>

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