Habitat Segregation between <i>Fagus crenata</i> and <i>Quercus crispula</i>: Factors Causing Their Distributions on a Snowy Mountain

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  • 多雪山地におけるブナとミズナラのすみ分けの実態とその生成要因
  • タセツ サンチ ニ オケル ブナ ト ミズナラ ノ スミ ワケ ノ ジッタイ ト ソノ セイセイ ヨウイン

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Abstract

<p>We studied the pattern and causes of the habitat segregation of Fagus crenata and Quercus crispula on a snowy mountain in northern Japan. We established two study sites(“Forest site” and “Shrub site”)on the ridge of Mt. Hachiman in the Hakkoda mountain range, Aomori Prefecture, and we conducted forest census and measurements of environmental conditions. As a result, environmental conditions and the proportion of the two species differed between windward and leeward slopes for the winter seasonal wind: F. crenata was distributed in places with more snow and soil moisture, while Q. crispula in places with less. Path analysis was performed to estimate the causal relationship between the two species' density and environmental conditions. In the Forest site, located on a gentle ridge, the maximum snow depth and soil moisture, as well as slope inclination affected the two species' density. Moreover, the density of Q. crispula was estimated to be positively influenced by species other than F. crenata. In the Shrub site, located on a steep ridge, the same factors affected the two species' density, but the strength of the effect of slope inclination was greater than in the Forest site. These results suggest that differentiations in conditions of snow and soil moisture between the windward and leeward slopes are responsible for the local segregation of two species in snowy mountains, and that slope inclination also involves the local segregation in steep ridges. In addition, species other than F. crenata may have a positive effect on Q. crispula.</p>

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