<p>The crabs collected from the Sahul Shelf, in the Australian part of the Timor Sea by the RV Hakuhō Maru (KH-72-1 cruise) are identified and recorded, with some taxonomic comments. They are referred to 40 species of 29 genera in 10 families, including 2 new majoid species, Naxioides sahulensis sp. nov. (Epialtidae) and Prismatopus peterngi sp. nov. (Majidae). The following 10 species in 7 families, Cryptodromia amboinensis De Man, 1888 (Dromiidae), Mclaydromia colini Guinot and Tavares, 2003 (Dromiidae), Ethusa hirsuta McArdle, 1900 (Ethusidae), Drachiella morum (Alcock, 1896) (Aethridae), Hyastenus kyusyuensis (Yokoya, 1933) (Epialtidae), Pseudolambrus bidentatus (Flipse, 1930) (Parthenopidae), Charybdis (Charybdis) rosaea (Hombron and Jacquinot, 1846) (Portunidae), Latopilumnus tuberculosus (Garth and Kim, 1984) (Pilumnidae), Pilumnus rotundus Borradaile, 1902 (Pilumnidae) and Viaderiana typica Ward, 1942 (Pilumnidae), are recorded for the first time from Australia. Most of the species reported are shallow-water inhabitants obtained from station 29 (49–52 m depth), and it is remarkable that majoid and pilumnid crabs are dominant (11 species in the families Inachidae, Epialtidae and Majidae, and 14 species in the family Pilumnidae), with no representative of the family Xanthidae. Otherwise, the generic position of an unusual megalopa of the family Homolidae found in the trawl catch at station 33 (535–547 m depth) is discussed.</p>