A finite element analysis of odontoid fracture

DOI
  • Kobayashi Takaomi
    Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University
  • Guo Shu
    Research Institute for Applied Mechanics, Kyushu University
  • Morimoto Tadatsugu
    Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University
  • Todo Mitsugu
    Research Institute for Applied Mechanics, Kyushu University
  • Maeda Kazumasa
    Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University
  • Yoshihara Tomohito
    Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University
  • Mawatari Masaaki
    Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University

Bibliographic Information

Other Title
  • 軸椎歯突起骨折の有限要素解析

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Description

<p>Purpose: The mechanism for odontoid fracture due to low-energy extensional injuries in the elderly is still unclear. In the present study we used finite element analysis to clarify the mechanism of odontoid fracture due to extension injury of the cervical spine in elderly patients.</p><p>Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the cases of a 65-year-old female (Case 1), a 77-year-old male (Case 2), and a 73-year-old male (Case 3). Single (axis [C2]) and complex (occipital bone [C0]-atlas [C1]-C2) models were created. The lower surface of C2 was completely fixed, and a horizontal external force of 2,000 N was applied to both the C2 single model and the C0-C1-C2 complex model from the front of C2 and C0. The average bone mineral density of C2, equivalent stress, and the fracture state were investigated. According to the classification system of Anderson et al., the fracture state was classified as follows: type I (oblique fracture at the tip of the tooth process), type II (fracture at the base of the tooth process), and type III (vertebral body fracture). </p><p>Results: The average bone mineral density of C2 in cases 1, 2, and 3 was 420 mg/cm3, 610 mg/cm3, and 620 mg/cm3, respectively. Drucker-Prager stress and fracture were observed at the type II fracture site in the C2 single model and in the C0-C1-C2 complex model of cases 1, 2 and 3.</p><p>Conclusion: Our findings suggest that an external force of extension to the cervical spine is likely to cause type II odontoid fractures.</p>

Journal

  • Journal of Spine Research

    Journal of Spine Research 13 (12), 1282-1287, 2022-12-20

    The Japanese Society for Spine Surgery and Related Research

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