Interdisciplinary approaches to brain organoid biology

  • Kodera Tomoki
    Laboratory of Cellular Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya University
  • Osakada Fumitaka
    Laboratory of Cellular Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya University Laboratory of Neural Information Processing, Institute for Advanced Research, Nagoya University CREST, Japan Science and Technology Agency

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  • 異分野融合が切り拓く脳オルガノイド生物学

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<p>Embryonic stem cells (ESCs) and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) have been widely used as materials for regenerative medicine and for modeling development and disease because of their pluripotency to differentiate into all cell types of the body. Recently, organoid research has attracted considerable attention as a constructive approach to reconstitute various tissues from ESCs or iPSCs in three-dimensional culture in vitro. Organoids can provide sophisticated in vitro models because of their ability to partially recapitulate different cell types of living tissues and their functions. However, given their complexity, conventional analyses of stem cell biology are insufficient for evaluating organoid performance, limiting basic research and clinical translation. In recent years, elucidating diverse and complex biological phenomena by integrating stem cell biology with other research fields has become feasible. In this review, we focus on brain organoids with some representative examples of interdisciplinary research using machine learning, genetic and viral engineering, and optical imaging, as well as findings obtained from such research. Furthermore, we will discuss the potential applications and future perspectives of interdisciplinary research in organoid biology.</p>

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