<p>Objectives: Resilience is might facilitate protective reactions against stress, reduce responses to stressors and have deterrent effects on problem behaviors. Correlations between components of resilience and mental health were investigated in this study that was designed to obtain findings concerning interventions for improving the mental health of high school students.</p><p>Methods: Participants were high school students (N=672). A survey on the participants' gender, school year, resilience, and mental health was conducted in May 2014. Correlations between resilience and mental health were analyzed after confirming the construct validity of the resilience scale and correlations between the goodness of fit of the model and the variables by using valid responses (N=563). Analyses were conducted using structural equation modeling with the age and school year inputted as the control variables.</p><p>Results: The goodness of fit of the resilience scale with data reached a statistically acceptable level. Moreover, the goodness of fit of the single regression causal model to data, in which a second-order model of resilience consisting of three factors and nine items as the independent variables and the one-factor model of mental health as a dependent variable indicated a statistically acceptable level. The explanation rate of the model was 35.5%. Furthermore, the multiple regression causal model, in which three factors (sub-concepts) of resilience as independent variables and the one-factor model of mental health as a dependent variable, met statistically acceptable level. Regarding the relationships between each factor of resilience and mental health, only path coefficients from “relationship building ability” and “overcoming ability” to mental health were statistically significant, whereas the path coefficient from “breakthrough ability” to mental health was not significant.</p><p>Discussion: The above results suggest that it is important to improve peer support among friends and acquire social skills for developing self-expression ability to improve the mental health of high school students. Furthermore, supporters should pay attention to students' strengths and provide emotional and concrete support so that they could willingly deal with difficult situations and develop self-affirmation for developing resilience. Based on the results of this study it is suggested that measures to develop the resilience of high school students should be undertaken in the future.</p>