Occurrence tendency of heavy rainfall or snowfall in the inland district of Japan in winter

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  • 温帯低気圧による本州中部内陸域での多降水・多降雪の発現傾向

Abstract

The top 30 days of two-day rainfall total amounts or snowfall depths from Dec. to Mar. from 1981 to 2014 were counted at 28 AMeDAS stations located in the inland district of Japan as “heavy precipitation days” (HPD) or “heavy snowfall days” (HSD). Long-term trends of HPD/HSD frequency and geographical distribution were examined. In the analysis, limited HPD and HSD appeared in the northern/northwestern area domains under typical winter monsoon pressure patterns; they appeared in other wide areas in cases of passing extratropical cyclones along the south coast of Japan. Occurrence of HPD was not linked to warm/cold winters. It was unusual for HPD and HSD to occur together in the case of a passing extratropical cyclone, as happened on Feb. 14-15, 2014 with extremely heavy snow cover. In this case, water vapor transport distribution in the warm sector of the cyclone showed a unique zonal channel to reach central Japan blocked by a high-pressure system in the northern Pacific, and the strengthened easterly component of the wet air mass intrusion associated with an occluded cyclone provided extremely high precipitation amounts in the inland. The percentage of occlusion increased in cases of cyclones with extreme HPD; however, they were not always accompanied by a blocking anticyclone.

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