type:Article

森田正馬による「神経質」の「森田療法」創始以来,ちょうど1世紀を経た現在,その実践形態等に時代的変遷が見られる中,今後の当該療法の発展を期してその本質的理解を喚起するべく,これまで中村古峡及び鈴木知準について行ったのと同旨の事例研究を森田正馬についても試みた。すなわち,森田の二度の大患を境に三分した各時期の代表的入院事例を1例ずつ,計3例取り上げて順次検討したところ,初期に当たる療法確立前には,患者に「必死必生」・「(恐怖に)突入せよ」と促す森田の治療姿勢が特徴的であったが,中・後期以降,療法が確立されてからは,それよりも患者の「心の自然の流れ」を重視・強調する方向への変化が目立った。そして,患者が症状を抱えたまま,それにとらわれず日々必要な作業に専念する過程で自己本来の「生の欲望」を自覚し,その実現に邁進できるよう,個々の具体的な作業場面に即して指導を加える,という森田独自の方式が定着したようである。つまり,大局的には「鍛錬療法」から「自然療法」へと森田の力点がシフトしており,前者は中村古峡に大きな影響を与え,後者は鈴木知準に受け継がれて,両者相異なる「森田療法」の展開となった観がある。これらの点を踏まえ,「説得療法」・「不問療法」・「作業療法」等,「森田療法」に不可欠な側面について森田の他の報告事例をも参照・援用しながら拡充的考察を行った。

A century has passed since Morita Masatake (1874~1938) formulated Morita Therapy, and its practical form has changed according to the times. In order to contribute to its further development with the basic understanding about its essence, this study treated of his clinical cases following the previous studies that had treated of those of Nakamura Kokyō (1881~1952) and Suzuki Tomonori (1909~2007). To be specific, Morita's life was divided into three periods, with his first and second serious illness forming the cutting points, and a typical case of inpatient in each period was examined in detail based on his diary. In result, urging the patients to make desperate efforts or plunge into fear featured Morita's therapeutic mindset at the early period, but later in the period of establishing his own style, emphasizing the natural flaw of each patient's mind characterized Morita's clinical practice. In other words, Morita got to teach the patients by means of giving instructions in various chores how to hold their symptoms as they are and concentrate on their daily assignments to be able to awaken their intrinsic desires for life and strive for their realization. In short, Morita Therapy seen from a wider viewpoint seemed to shift from the training therapy to the natural therapy, the former affecting Nakamura's practice and the latter leading to Suzuki's one. These were quite different from each other as mentioned before in the previous studies. In addition, guided by above points of argument, expansive remarks on such aspects indispensable to Morita Therapy as “persuasion therapy", “non-inquiry therapy", “occupational therapy" and so on were made with due consideration of the related cases of Morita.