アメリカのカリキュラム理論に関する基礎的研究(第4報)-H.L.CaswellとD.S.Campbellの“Curriculum Development"について(その1)-

type:Article

1930年代のアメリカにおけるカリキュラム理論の中心は,いわゆる社会機能法(social functional procedure)であったとされている。そしてこの社会機能法によるカリキュラムの構成と展開を最も典型的に,そして詳細に行なった著作の一つが,L.H.CaswellとD.S.Campbellの“Curriculum Development"(1935年)であることはよく知られているところでもある。しかしこの600ページを越える大著は,アメリカのカリキュラム理論を研究していくうえでの欠かすことのできない古典的文献ともいえるものであるとされながらも,わが国においてはこれまでにその全体にわたっての紹介と分析がなされた形跡をあまりみることができない。アメリカのカリキュラム理論の継続的な研究の第4報としてある本稿では,このCaswellとCampbellの“Curriculum Development"の要約的な紹介とその分析を中心としながら,1930年代のカリキュラム理論の特徴である社会機能法の原理と実際について考察していくこととした。ただし本稿では,上記文献の第1章から第7章までにおいて示されているカリキュラム展開に関する基礎的な理論部分の紹介と分析を行なうこととし,以下の章についての検討は次稿に継続することとした。

Soon after the great panic of 1929, many social affairs have been raised to exert on the school and the curriculum in USA. They were, for example, the decreasing opportunities for employment, the significant changed in home life, the great need for the educational program of consumer, and the rapid increasing of crime rates in the cities. Recognizing these affairs seriously, it must be said the school and the curriculum stand in front of the direct challenge of changing society. This challenge also emphasized the responsibility of curriculum workers to construct and develope the curriculum adjust to changing society. In this situation, many curriculum workers, for undertaking the resposibility, endeavored to construct new curriculum and to find out more fitting procedure for curriculum development in changing society. Among them, Caswell, H. L. and Cambell, D. S. were the most famous and noted curriculum worker by the significant contribution to build up new procedure of curriculum development that is called “social functinal procedure". Then published a book named“Curriculum Development" in 1936, and in this book they attempted to analize contemporary curriculum theories and elaborate to describe the foundation and feature of the social functinal procedure. It is well known in Japan that the“Curriculum Development" was not only their main and representative work but also essential literature to understand the social functinal procedure. But whole introduction and enough exploration on this book has not been completed in Japan. In this article, the author aimed to summarize the content of the“Curriculum Development" and to grasp the essential feature of the social functional procedure. But in this time, the author treated more fundamental and theoretical part in that book, from chapter one to chapter seven, and continuative reserch will be done next time.