教職志望度を高める教育実習での体験について―教師効力感を中心とした進路確定者への調査―

教育実習を通して教職への志を高くする学生と教職を断念する学生がいる。このような違いが生じるのはなぜであろうか。本稿では体験する実習での学びが両者で異なると考え，教師効力感を指標に教育実習での体験との関係を検討した。ここで取り上げた教育実習での体験は，指導体験と被サポート体験とした。調査対象と時期は進路が確定した4回生の夏とした。分析の結果，教職志望の有無に関らず，教育実習は学生の教師効力感を高めることが示唆された。他方で教職志望者の割合が高い群では，指導体験，被サポート体験は「学級管理・運営効力感」，「教授・指導効力感」と関わっていたが，教職志望者の割合が低い群では，高い群よりも被サポート体験が高いにも関わらず「子ども理解・関係形成効力感」にしか関わってないことが示唆された。教育実習を通して，授業への自信だけでなく，学級管理・運営への自信を持てるかどうかが，教職志望への分かれ目かもしれないことが窺えた。

The purpose of this study was to determine the differences between students who wanted to be teachers and those who did not, according to their experiences during practice teaching. One hundred fifty-one university students who have already decided whether they want to become teachers participated in the study. We asked them about teacher efficacy and working experiences as teachers during their practice teaching, to determine the relationship with students’ motivation to become teachers. We asked participants about being supported experiences by companies and cooperative working atmospheres among their work experiences. We found that training during practice teaching was effective for building teacher efficacy regardless of participants’ career paths. In contrast, we found differences in motivation to become a teacher based on the quality of the participants’ practice teaching experiences. Students were classified into three groups according to a cluster analysis of their experiences. We then analyzed the relationship between teacher efficacy and the participants’ work experiences. The results were as follows: In the group with a high percentage of students who wanted to become a teacher, both teaching experiences and supported experiences led to “class management efficacy” and “teaching efficacy.” However, in the group with a low percentage of students wanting to become a teacher, despite the larger number of supported experiences, they were only associated with “efficacy in understanding children. ”We discuss these results and give suggestions for developing better practice teaching experiences so that more students can be motivated to become teachers .