Background to the Insertion of “Requiring Childcare”into the Definition of Day Nursery in the Child Welfare Act: Linking the Definition of Day Nursery to the Control of Public Authority

SATO Koichi

doi:10.24469/jssw.63.4_1

<p>This study examined the background to a change in the definition of a day nursery (hereinafter called the Definition), which accepted any baby and infant when the Child Welfare Act (hereinafter called the Act) was enacted, to accepting only babies and infants “requiring childcare” in the fifth amendment of the Act. Focusing on the fact that a social-welfare system was established by putting the private sector under the control of public authority based on a General Headquarters directive (SCAPIN775) during the Occupation, I analyzed the process from the drafting to the fifth amendment of the Act. The analysis showed that eligible babies and infants for day nurseries were limited by inserting wording related to parent support and “requiring childcare” due to work and other reasons in the Definition. Furthermore, the private sector was constitutionally interpreted as being under the control of public authority by linking the Definition to the control of the public authority. Linking the Definition to the control of public authority suggests that putting the private sector under the control of public authority caused day nurseries to contribute to postwar economic reconstruction as a system supporting the recovery of labor by stably providing childcare services to reduce parental burden.</p>

Background to the Insertion of “Requiring Childcare”into the Definition of Day Nursery in the Child Welfare Act: Linking the Definition of Day Nursery to the Control of Public Authority

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