食品生産組織と地理的表示保護－八丁味噌の事例研究－

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書誌事項

タイトル別名
  • Food Processing Organizations and Geographical Indication (GI) Protection Systems: A Case Study Regarding the “Hatcho Miso” Seasoning Paste
  • ショクヒン セイサン ソシキ ト チリテキ ヒョウジ ホゴ : ハッチョウ ミソ ノ ジレイ ケンキュウ

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説明

Following the examples of European countries, the Japanese government put the Geographical Indication (GI) Protection System into operation in 2015. The system is one which protects the names of specific agricultural, forestry, and fishery products. It designates them as intellectual property whose superior quality, reputation, and other characteristics are essentially attributable to their geographical origins such as the surrounding natural environment and the products’ established and time-honored methods of production. Under the new system, agricultural, forestry, and fisheries related associations must register the name of a product with the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry, and Fisheries (MAFF). If a company does not join an association then that company cannot use the GI label on its product brand. Generally speaking, miso, one of Japan’s most famous traditional foods, is fermented soybean paste to which rice or wheat is added. Hatcho Miso is a dark red miso with a proud history in that it has been produced without interruption for over 400 years in the Hatcho area of Okazaki City. It is distinguished from other kinds of miso by its unique taste. Its taste is characterized by bitterness, richness, and moderate acidity. The only ingredients in the Hatcho Miso are quality soybeans, natural salt, purified water, and “koji”, a kind of bacterial mold. Making miso requires a lot of time and labor. In particular, in order to produce authentic Hatcho Miso, which is naturally brewed and additive-free , the finished mixture must be stored in an airtight wooden barrel for more than two years. The oldest remaining company making Hatcho Miso is the Hatcho Miso Limited Partnership whose corporate brands are Kakukyu and Maruya Hatcho Miso Co.,Ltd. However, under the above-mentioned GI protection system, the name of Hatcho Miso was registered with the MAFF by an industrial body to which the two brands do not belong. As a result, depending on the circumstances, the two brands are sometimes unable to use the name of Hatcho Miso in their product brands. The matter is pending in court. This paper provides insights into flaws in the Japanese GI protection system by comparing it to GI protection systems in the European Union (EU) and in South Korea. This paper argues that a round of prior consultations among the parties concerned should be part of the registration process as a preventive measure against possible problems. Such groundwork is necessary in order to build a consensus between local communities and the central government.

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