Typhoon Analysis in the Vicinity of Japan Using the Instrumental Meteorological Data Recorded in the Ship Logs of Foreign Vessels during the Late Edo Period

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Other Title
  • 外国船の航海日誌に記録された気象測器データによる江戸時代末期に日本に接近した台風の解析

Abstract

<p>European and US ships sailed in the vicinity of Japanese waters before the weather station network was established in Japan during the late Edo period in the 18th and 19th centuries. We focused on the ship log weather records on vessels sailing through Japanese waters during this period. The 18th-century weather records came mostly from expedition cruises in the vicinity of Japan. In the 19th century, weather records were found from US Navy and other ships that came to Japan to open the country to the wider world. We briefly introduce these old meteorological data based on the foreign ship logs in the vicinity of Japan and focus on three tropical cyclone (TC) events during the period from July 21 to 25, 1853 observed on six ships of Perry’s fleet by US Naval Japan Expedition, on September 23 and 24, 1856 observed by the Medusa of the Dutch Navy, and on August 15 and 16, 1863 during the bombardment of Kagoshima in southern Japan observed by 11 UK Navy ships. Tracks of TCs are analyzed based on those ship log weather records.</p>

Journal

  • E-journal GEO

    E-journal GEO 18 (2), 412-422, 2023-11-21

    The Association of Japanese Geographers

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