ギリシア思想史におけるmētis（狡知・策略）の位置 : プラトン『饗宴』におけるエロース誕生神話を手掛かりに

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  • The Position of ‘mētis’ in Ancient Greek Thought : A Consideration of the Genealogical Myth of Erōs in Plato’s Symposium

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This paper reconsiders the significance of mētis (cunning intelligence) in ancient Greek thought. In Homer mētis was an important concept that involved, among others, the essential quality of the hero Odysseus, but from the sixth century BCE onwards it became less conspicuous in texts. The monumental book of 1974 by M. Detienne and J.-P. Vernant on this theme held that Plato’s emphasis on contemplative knowledge coincided with that stream, and criticised Plato’s exclusion of mētis from his philosophy. Indeed, since mētis is a sort of skill of occasional handling, there seems to be no room for it to be valued in Plato’s philosophy, where the purity of knowledge is given importance. Moreover, mētis, the knowledge frequently linked with ‘deception’ or ‘trickery’, could easily be dismissed from the moral point of view in Plato’s thought. In fact, however, despite the criticism by Detienne and Vernant, mētis plays a significant role in Plato’s thought. In the myth told by Diotīma in the Symposium on the genealogy of Erōs, the goddess Mētis is nominated as his grandmother. There Erōs who inherits mētis from his grandmother via his father Poros on the one hand and ‘precept of lack’ from his mother Penia on the other is considered as a dexterous and insatiate hunter of the ‘true knowledge’, the very beauty. Thus, Plato ingeniously incorporated mētis into the intellectual practice of philosophia, love of knowledge. This paper concludes that in Platonic philosophy mētis is given a significant role of an adroit guide in the pursuit itself of true sophia.

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