An Analysis of the Charging Properties of Model Toner Containing Carbon Black

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  • MATSUI Norie
    Material Research Laboratory, Fuji Xerox Co., LTD.
  • OKA Kozo
    Material Research Laboratory, Fuji Xerox Co., LTD.

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  • カーボンブラックを含有するトナーの帯電性
  • カーボン ブラック オ ガンユウスル トナー ノ タイデンセイ

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Abstract

A model describing the charging behavior of Xerographic double component developers is presented and examined experimentally.<br/>The model assumes two concurrent processes taking place at the interface between the toner and the carrier surface. One is charge generation, expressed in terms of the work function difference (φTN-φCR), the other charge leakage, expressed in terms of a proportional function of tribo charge value (q) with a characteristic time constant (τ).<br/>The model, which fits the actual dependence of tribo charge on mixing time, leads to the hypothesis that the saturated tribo charge (qmax) is related not only to (φTN-φCR) in the charge generation process but also to τ in the charge leakage process, which is further related to toner dielectric properties.<br/>In order to test the hypothesis, an experiment was carried out, Toners with three different carbon blacks of varying loading and of a varying degree of melt-mixing in Styrene-Acrylic copolymer were prepared, and three tribo charging properties (qmax, τ and polarity), the work function of the carbon blacks and the dielectric properties were determined.<br/>The following conclusions were derived :<br/>(1) qmax increases with τ, which is consistent with the model, for toners of different carbon black loading and the same processing conditions, and for toners of the same formulation under different melt-mixing conditions.<br/>(2) The triboelectric-series of experimental toners as determined by qmax are consistent with the order of measured work functions of the carbon blacks tested.<br/>(3) Since qmax depends linearly on τ which is in turn proportional to the reciprocal of tan δ, qmax is proportional to the reciprocal of tan δ, again, as predicted by the model.<br/>Thus, the model can explain the tribo charging behavior of toners which contain carbon blacks of varying degrees of melt-mixing.

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