Study of factors affecting different opinions expressed by Judo referees and judges regarding throwing techniques

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  • 柔道の審判員の投技評価における異見発生の要因に関する研究
  • ジュウドウ ノ シンパンイン ノ トウギヒョウカ ニ オケル イケン ハッセイ ノ ヨウイン ニ カンスル ケンキュウ

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The present study investigated factors affecting the evaluations of Judo referees and judges accredited with A, B and C licenses (n=100 each) after observing four different throwing techniques from four directions. Referees and judges were asked to evaluate the throwing techniques without being allowed to freely select their field of view or hear the sound of impact between the thrown competitor and the mat. In addition, we investigated the reasons for differences in evaluations according to the direction of view by focusing on contact between the thrown competitor and the mat.<br> 1. Significant interactions were observed for only one of the four throwing techniques. In addition, a significant main effect was observed for all four throwing techniques. Based on these findings, the following factors appeared to influence the evaluations made by the referees and judges with regard to throwing techniques: 1) direction of view, 2) refereeing level, and 3) a combination of both the direction of view and refereeing level. In addition, differences in evaluations were considered highly likely to have been caused by individual effects related to the direction of view and the level of refereeing.<br> 2. When the execution of a throwing technique prevents referees and judges from clearly observing body contact with the mat, the technique is evaluated by considering the series of body movements and estimating contact between the body and the mat based on available visual data. This may also result in differences of evaluation.<br> 3. The average scores awarded for throwing techniques by A- and B-licensed referees and judges were significantly higher than those awarded by C-licensed referees and judges. Although the difference between A- and B-licensed referees and judges did not reach significance, A-licensed referees and judges tended to award higher average scores than B-licensed referees and judges. This suggests that more qualified referees and judges evaluate throwing techniques more accurately. The reason for this is that less qualified referees and judges tend to undervalue throwing techniques.<br>

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