Karyotype Diversity in Three <i>Asparagus</i> L. Species

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<p>Three Asparagus species viz. A. racemosus Willd., A. officinalis L., and A. setaceus (Kunth) Jessop were investigated by cytogenetical and molecular analysis for authentic characterization. The diploid chromosome number 2n=20 was found in A. racemosus and A. setaceus, while, A. officinalis possesses 2n=22 chromosomes. Diploid chromosome number 2n=22 is the first report for A. officinalis. These three species differed in respect of other karyotypic features such as total length of 2n chromosome complements, number of satellites, range of relative lengths, centromeric indices, etc. Some unique CMA- and DAPI-banded chromosomes were found in three species which could be used as marker chromosomes for the respective species. A pair of satellites was observed in A. racemosus after CMA- and DAPI-staining but absent in orcein staining indicating the stain-specific nature of satellites. The chromosomes of three Asparagus species possessed different structural abnormalities such as deletions, tandem duplications, and dispersed distribution of GC- and AT-rich repetitive sequences. This organizational variation of chromosomes was one of the major reasons for karyotype diversification. Four primer combinations were applied for RAPD analysis in three species of Asparagus to find out their genomic relationship. The three species showed several unique bands useful as markers for each species. Therefore, the three Asparagus species could authentically be characterized by conventional and fluorescent karyotype together with RAPD fingerprinting.</p>

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