Isolation and structures of arvenins from Anagallis arvensis L. (Primulaceae). New cucurbitacin glucosides.

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Four new cucurbitacin glucosides (named arvenin I, II, III and IV) were isolated as bitter principles of Anagallis arvensis L. (Primulaceae). On the basis of the spectral studies involving carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance spectra and the chemical transformations, the structures of these bitter glucosides have been established as 2-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl cucurbitacin B for arvenin I, 2-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl 23, 24-dihydrocucurbitacin B for arvenin II, 2-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl cucurbitacin D for arvenin III and 2-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl cucurbitacin R for arvenin IV, respectively. This is the first isolation of cucurbitacin glucosides from the family Primulaceae.

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