Quantization of Non-Abelian Berry Phase for Time-Reversal-Invariant Systems

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We present a quantized non-Abelian Berry phase for time-reversal-invariant systems such as the quantum spin Hall effect. An ordinary Berry phase is defined by an integral of Berry’s gauge potential along a loop (an integral of the Chern–Simons one-form), whereas we propose that an integral over a five-dimensional parameter space (an integral of the Chern–Simons five-form) is suitable for defining a non-Abelian Berry phase. We study its global topological aspects and show that it is indeed quantized into two values. We also discuss its close relationship with nonperturbative anomalies.

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