Estimation of the water holding capacity of forest stands using soil pore distribution and an analysis of the related factors

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  • 土壌孔隙組成を用いた森林の保水容量の推定とその要因解析
  • ドジョウコウ ゲキ ソセイ オ モチイタ シンリン ノ ホスイ ヨウリョウ ノ スイテイ ト ソノ ヨウイン カイセキ

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Abstract

The present report describes an estimation of the potential of the water holding capacity (WHC) on the basis of soil pore distribution, and an analysis of related factors. Each sample was collected from 905 spots of 246 forests and plains in Oita Prefecture using a soil sampling cylinder (400cc). WHC was calculated by the product of the soil depth (up to 1m) and soil porosity as to soil classes which were divided into 3 classes according to pore size. The water holding capacity of these three classes WHC was correlated to the pF value, and was expressed as follows. WHC of coarse size pores (pF0〜2.7; for short: Sc) indicates a reserve of rain water and potential of deliverability. WHC of small and medium size pores (pF0.6〜2.7; for short: Sms) indicates available a reserve of rain water as a water resource. WHC of large size pores (pF0〜0.6; for short: Sl) indicates conduction of rain water into soils and the potential of water delivery in the soils. The average (±standard deviation) WHC (Sc, Sms, and Sl) within the whole forest stands and plains was 339.6 (±75.9) mm, 243.6 (±56.9) mm, and 96.9 (±40.5) mm respectively. Every WHC was greater in broad-leaved forests and poor in plains. As for each item of the water holding capacity, factor analysis was executed as an objective variable using Hayasi's quantification method (I), for five environmental factors and three soil characteristic factors. The result was that soil characteristic factors have a dominant influence upon the WHC. Though environmental factors effect the WHC unsignificantly, the category score was greater in the soil of broad-leaved forests than in the soil of conifer forests and plains. Therefor, it was elucidated that the water holding capacity was promotive, and its capacity was increased by aging. This suggests that an increase in water holding capacity is possible through human efforts, namely careful treatment to increase soil porosity.

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