A NEW CLASSIFICATION AND PRECISE DEFINITIONS OF ENDOSCOPIC IMAGING

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  • TAJIRI Hisao
    Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Department of Endoscopy, The Jikei University School of Medicine.
  • NIWA Hirohumi
    Honorary President of the Japan Gastroenterological Endoscopy Society, Department of Internal Medicine, Saint Marianna University.

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  • 内視鏡観察法の分類と定義

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The authors hereby describe a classification for endoscopic imaging into object-oriented classification, and provide precise definitions of individual terms. Endoscopic imaging is divided into categories : (1) conventional endoscopy (white light endoscopy), (2) image-enhanced endoscopy, (3) magnified endoscopy, (4) microscopic endoscopy, and (5) tomographic endoscopy. Image-enhanced endoscopy is sub-divided into digital, optical-digital and chromoendoscopy methods. The optical-digital method involves conversion of the optical characteristics of the light used for illumination or imaging with a light source differing in optical characteristics from ordinary white light. At the same time, this method involves signal processing within a video processor in a specially designed way, to yield enhanced images. This method usually encompasses NBI (narrow band imaging), AFI (auto-fluorescence imaging) and IRI (infra-red imaging). Magnified endoscopy is subdivided into optical and digital methods. Microscopic endoscopy is subdivided into optical and confocal methods. Tomographic endoscopy is subdivided into endoscopic ultrasonography and OCT (optical coherence tomography). It is desirable that uniform and correct terminology will be promulgated throughout the academic and clinical spheres, worldwide, to facilitate further advances in endoscopic diagnosis and treatment.

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