Palatinose and oleic acid act together to prevent pancreatic islet disruption in nondiabetic obese Zucker rats

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  • Sato Kazusa
    Department of Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Health Biosciences, the University of Tokushima Graduate School
  • Arai Hidekazu
    Laboratory of Clinical Nutrition Management, Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, Graduate School of Nutritional and Environmental Sciences, the University of Shizuoka
  • Miyazawa Yui
    Department of Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Health Biosciences, the University of Tokushima Graduate School
  • Fukaya Makiko
    Department of Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Health Biosciences, the University of Tokushima Graduate School
  • Uebanso Takashi
    Department of Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Health Biosciences, the University of Tokushima Graduate School
  • Koganei Megumi
    Division of Research and Development, Food Science Institute, Meiji Dairies Corporation
  • Sasaki Hajime
    Division of Research and Development, Food Science Institute, Meiji Dairies Corporation
  • Sato Tadatoshi
    Department of Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Health Biosciences, the University of Tokushima Graduate School
  • Yamamoto Hironori
    Department of Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Health Biosciences, the University of Tokushima Graduate School
  • Taketani Yutaka
    Department of Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Health Biosciences, the University of Tokushima Graduate School
  • Takeda Eiji
    Department of Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Health Biosciences, the University of Tokushima Graduate School

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We showed previously that 8-wk consumption of a diet containing palatinose (P, a slowly-absorbed sucrose analogue) and oleic acid (O) ameliorates but a diet containing sucrose (S) and linoleic acid (L) aggravates metabolic abnormalities in Zucker fatty (fa/fa) rats. In this study, we aimed to identify early changes in metabolism in rats induced by certain combinations of carbohydrates and fatty acids. Specifically, male Zucker fatty rats were fed an isocaloric diet containing various combinations of carbohydrates (P; S) and fatty acids (O; L). After 4 wk, no significant differences in body weight, visceral fat mass, plasma parameters (glucose, insulin, lipids, and adipokines), hepatic adiposity and gene expression, and adipose inflammation were observed between dietary groups. In contrast, pancreatic islets of palatinose-fed (PO and PL) rats were smaller and less fibrotic than sucrose-fed (SO and SL) rats. The abnormal α-cell distribution and sporadic staining of active caspase-3 common to islets of linoleic-acid-fed rats were not observed in oleic-acid-fed (PO and SO) rats. Accordingly, progressive β-cell loss was seen in SL rats, but not in PO rats. These findings suggest that pancreatic islets may be initial sites that translate the effects of different combinations of dietary carbohydrates and fats into metabolic changes. J. Med. Invest. 55: 183-195, August, 2008

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