FREEZING RESISTANCE OF CONIFERS IN JAPAN WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO THEIR DISTRIBUTIONS

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  • SAKAI Akira
    The Institute of Low Temperature Science, Hokkaido University
  • KURAHASHI Akio
    University Forest in Hokkaido, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tokyo

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  • 日本に自生している針葉樹の耐凍度とそれらの分布との関係
  • ニホン ニ ジセイシテ イル シンヨウジュ ノ タイ トウド ト ソレラ ノ

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Abstract

Dormant one-year-old twigs were collected from the mature and young plants of a number of conifer species cultivated at Yamabe, Hokkaido, and other places during midwinter, these were artificially hardened at sub-freezing temperatures to overcome differences in site of collection and to induce maximum freezing resistance. In most of the species distributed in the sub-alpine and sub-cold zones, the leaves and the twigs resisted freezing to -70℃ or below, while most of the species distributed in the temperate zone resisted freezing to only about -30℃, and the leaves and the twigs were found to be nearly equally hardy unlike the conifers distributed in sub-alpine and sub-cold zones. Also, most of these temperate conifers were observed not to be grown in a severe cold climate in Hokkaido. Thus, in the conifers distributed in the temperate zone, winter minimal temperatures appear to be the principal factor governing their growth in severe cold climates. A marked variation in hardiness was not observed among the pines Pinus denslflora and Pinus thunbergiana from different provenances.

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