階層構造における人員配分原理としての競争

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  • Competition as a Principle of Member Distribution in Social Stratification
  • カイソウ コウゾウ ニ オケル ジンイン ハイブン ゲンリ トシテノ キョウソ

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The study of social stratification contains the standard of distribution, the distribution of resource and member. In this paper the writer attempts to consider some problems concerning the principles of member distribution in social stratification.<BR>Hitherto, there were ascribed status and achieved status in R. Linton, ascription and achievement in T. Parsons' pattern variable as their principles. Historically the conception of competition was an essential principle of social structure in modern society. In sociology formal sociology had studied competition as an important social relationship, but in contemporary sociology it hardly has been considered.<BR>Recently social mobility has been studied as the principle of member distribution in social stratification. The amount and nature of social mobility indicate us a great deal about social stratification. Also it is an important element in understanding structure formation, but fundamentally competition is a social relationship different from social mobility. Inter-generational social mobility is the relationship between father's social status and the son's status, but competition is the relative relationship with others in the position on social stratification. The difference is important, when we analyze their function in personality system, social system and culture system. I comprehend and emphasize competition as the inner process of social structure and the principle of member distribution in social stratification.

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