社会的相互作用への現象学的接近

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書誌事項

タイトル別名
  • A Phenomenological Approach to Social Interaction
  • シャカイテキ ソウゴ サヨウ エ ノ ゲンショウガクテキ セッキン ガーフィン
  • On H. Garfinkel's Ethnomethodology
  • ガーフィンケルのエスノメソドロジーをめぐって

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H. Garfinkel has been trying over two decades to answer in his unique way one of the fundamental questions of sociology- “How is the social order possible ?”<BR>Its source, he finds, lies in the daily activity of each member of a society to rake things “accountable” or “visibly-rational-and-reportable-for-all-practical-purposes” -in my words, “giving-meaning-activity”. As one cannot bear any meaningless situation, he endeavors in his power to find the world of which meaning is consistent and familiar for him, thus contributing to re-find and re-produce the social order.<BR>Garfinkel has developed a unique method for observing this activity. This is characterized by the combination of the phenomenological approach by Husserl and the empirical. method of observation.<BR>The Main character of this giving-meaning-activity is-according to Garfinkel-its 'indexicality' or flexibility according to the situation. This character is not so strange or new to us Japanese researchers who are conscious of the dependability of the Japanese behavior on situations. We should notice, however, that Garfinkel presents this character not as a backward one peculiar to people except Western intellectuals. Rather he attributes it to the universal human nature.<BR>Notwithstanding his many contributions there are some points in his approach to be discussed more carefully. For instance, there is a danger of 'reductionism'-the tendency to reduce the macro social problem to the problem of a micro personal behavior. Another is that of 'formalism' which tends to focus on the form or way of giving-meaning-activity and to put less emphasis on the content of the given meaning.<BR>Despite these difficulties and for all criticisms, Garfinkel's ethnomethodology should be located in the history of human efforts which have been trying to understand and to control ourselves and our society through changing the invisible and the unconscious into the visible and the conscious.

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