A New Paradigm of Science and Ontological Constructionism

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  • 新科学論と存在論的構築主義
  • シン カガクロン ト ソンザイロンテキ コウチク シュギ チツジョ ゲンリ ノ シンカ ト セイブツテキ ニンゲンテキ ソンザイ ノ ナイブ モデル
  • “Evolution of Order-Principles” and “Internal Model of Bio/Socio-Existence”
  • 「秩序原理の進化」と「生物的・人間的存在の内部モデル」

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Abstract

The existing paradigm of science, on the model of physics, doesn't approve any order-principles except laws. However, those of social and cultural scientists who are negative or unconcerned with the idea that the only order-principle of the whole nature is law have offered no explicit alternatives, including a total denial of the notion of order-principle itself in social and cultural sciences. On the contrary, a new paradigm of science called the “Informatic Turn” or “The Second Scientific Revolution” argues that the order-principles of nature have evolved from physical laws, which are unchangeable, inviolable, and type-1 universal, into signal-based programs (e.g. genetic programs), which are changeable, inviolable, and type-2 universal, and finally into symbol-based programs (e.g. plans or rules), which are changeable, violable, and type-3 universal.<BR>Considering the basis of this new paradigm, the binomial opposition between essence and construction, which is supposed to be the central problem of “constructionism, ” is first interpreted as the trinomial opposition among law-based becoming, signal-based construction, and symbol-based construction of material, biological, and human stratum of nature, respectively. Secondly, its cognition (and partly evaluation) -oriented construction is defined as “epistemological constructionism, ” and it is concluded that “ontological constructionism” integrating three modes of construction, namely cognitive, evaluative, and directive construction, is necessary, because what realizes the formation, continuation, change, and disintegration of linguistic constructs is in the end its directive mode, and not its cognitive nor evaluative mode of construction, except exogenous causes.<BR>Put simply, in view of the new paradigm of science, “constructionism” is regarded as an unconscious trial resulting in the abandonment of the notion of law, that is, the unchangeable, inviolable, and type-1 universal order-principle in social and cultural sciences.

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