Pleistocene human remains from Shiraho-Saonetabaru Cave on Ishigaki Island, Okinawa, Japan, and their radiocarbon dating

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  • NAKAGAWA RYOHEI
    Faculty of Education, Aichi University of Education, Kariya Department of Integrated Biosciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa
  • DOI NAOMI
    Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Nishihara
  • NISHIOKA YUICHIRO
    Phylogeny and Systematics Section, Primate Research Institute, Kyoto University, Inuyama
  • NUNAMI SHIN
    Department of Geology and Mineralogy, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto
  • YAMAUCHI HEIZABURO
    Okinawa Caving Association, Yaese
  • FUJITA MASAKI
    Okinawa Prefectural Museum and Art Museum, Naha
  • YAMAZAKI SHINJI
    Okinawa Prefectural Museum and Art Museum, Naha
  • YAMAMOTO MASAAKI
    Okinawa Prefectural Archaeological Center, Nishihara
  • KATAGIRI CHIAKI
    Okinawa Prefectural Archaeological Center, Nishihara
  • MUKAI HITOSHI
    Center for Global Environmental Research, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba
  • MATSUZAKI HIROYUKI
    Department of Nuclear Engineering and Management, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo
  • GAKUHARI TAKASHI
    Department of Integrated Biosciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa
  • TAKIGAMI MAI
    Department of Integrated Biosciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa
  • YONEDA MINORU
    Department of Integrated Biosciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa

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Nine human remains were recovered from Shiraho-Saonetabaru Cave on Ishigaki Island, Okinawa Prefecture, Japan, between 2007 and 2009. Six of the nine samples produced well-preserved biogenic collagen, which was submitted to radiocarbon dating by accelerator mass spectrometry. Three human samples (Nos. 2, 4, and 8) from the fossil chamber were dated to between 16 and 20 ka BP, and can clearly be assigned to the Late Pleistocene. One animal bone from the same chamber which was treated and measured for radiocarbon independently was also of great antiquity (c. 12 ka BP). These dates are the first concrete evidence of human occupation on the Ryukyu Islands during the Pleistocene, based on the direct radiocarbon dates of human remains. It is expected that more human remains and archaeological objects of the Pleistocene will be recovered from Shiraho-Saonetabaru Cave and the surrounding region by future intensive collaborations between anthropologists, archaeologists, and speleologists.<br>

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