京浜工業地帯南部の調査 第1部 (大森・糀谷・羽田地区)

This paper is to make clear the process of formation and the economic and social structure of a part of the Southern Keihin Industrial Region.<br> Although the Southern Keihin Industrial Region is well known by its many large-scale factories, Omori-Kojiya-Haneda area taken up in this paper is one of the largest areas crowded with small-scale machine shops and surrounded with those large-scale factories. This area has about 1, 300 factories (1957), 48.4% of which are machine shops. The percentage, together with that of metal and fabricated metal industries, reaches up to 77%.<br> Omori-Haneda area was principally an agriculture and fishing area, especially in layer cultivation before 1930's. Industrialization of this area was first started with World War I and the Earthquake in 1923, but the full-scale industrialization did not begin until 1930's. The main moment of the industrialization was the development of heavy and chemical industries for military demand in Japan, and the projects of reclamation and cutting a canal along the sea shore between Tokyo and Yokohama, designed by Japanese government in behalf of expanding large enterprises. These projects destroyed the layer cultivation, and the natives of this area were forced to adjust themselves to the advancing industrialization. In these outer and inner circumstances, industrial formation in this area made rapid strides since 1930's, especially after about 1935. About 40% of the existing machine shops in a block of this area, Omori 9th, were started in the period between 1935 and 1939.<br> Most of the machine shops in this area are of very small scale, about 80% of which have only less than 30 workers. These small-scale shops are very fragile, and among 54 machine shops in the block of Omori 9th, 22 shops vanished in the period between 1952 and 1954, although on the other hand more machine shops were started in the same period in this block.<br> Almost all of these machine shops are subcontracted factories, connected with large-scale enterprises directly or indirectly.<br> In spite of the location of this area, the putters-out for the machine shops in this area are not always located in the neighboring area. And any regular locational relationship such as “Zone” structure between putters-out and their subcontracted factories can not be recognized at least in this region.<br> A large reservoir of unempoloyed workers has been formed in this area, which is the most important basis of existence of the small-scale industries.<br> The small-scale factories in this area, suffering from the pressure of big business and standing upon the reservoir of unemployed, are as well dependent upon as competitive with each other.