Analysis of Early Bacterial Communities on Volcanic Deposits on the Island of Miyake (Miyake-jima), Japan: a 6-year Study at a Fixed Site

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  • Fujimura Reiko
    United Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology Department of Bioresource Science, Ibaraki University College of Agriculture
  • Sato Yoshinori
    Institute for Global Change Adaptation Science, Ibaraki University
  • Nishizawa Tomoyasu
    Department of Bioresource Science, Ibaraki University College of Agriculture
  • Nanba Kenji
    Faculty of Symbiotic System Science, Fukushima University
  • Oshima Kenshiro
    Department of Computational Biology, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo
  • Hattori Masahira
    Department of Computational Biology, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo
  • Kamijo Takashi
    Graduate School of Life and Environmental Science, University of Tsukuba
  • Ohta Hiroyuki
    United Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology Department of Bioresource Science, Ibaraki University College of Agriculture Institute for Global Change Adaptation Science, Ibaraki University

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Microbial colonization on new terrestrial substrates represents the initiation of new soil ecosystem formation. In this study, we analyzed early bacterial communities growing on volcanic ash deposits derived from the 2000 Mount Oyama eruption on the island of Miyake (Miyake-jima), Japan. A site was established in an unvegetated area near the summit and investigated over a 6-year period from 2003 to 2009. Collected samples were acidic (pH 3.0-3.6), did not utilize any organic substrates in ECO microplate assays (Biolog), and harbored around 106 cells (g dry weight)-1 of autotrophic Fe(II) oxidizers by most-probable-number (MPN) counts. Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans, Acidithiobacillus ferrivorans, and the Leptospirillum groups I, II and III were found to be abundant in the deposits by clone library analysis of bacterial 16S rRNA genes. The numerical dominance of Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans was also supported by analysis of the gene coding for the large subunit of the form I ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (RubisCO). Comparing the 16S rRNA gene clone libraries from samples differing in age, shifts in Fe(II)-oxidizing populations seemed to occur with deposit aging. The detection of known 16S rRNA gene sequences from Fe(III)-reducing acidophiles promoted us to propose the acidity-driven iron cycle for the early microbial ecosystem on the deposit.<br>

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