食品中カドミウムの曝露評価と健康影響評価

  • 香山 不二雄
    自治医科大学 地域医療学センター 環境医学部門
  • 堀口 兵剛
    自治医科大学 地域医療学センター 環境医学部門
  • 佐々木 敏
    東京大学大学院医学系研究科公共健康医学専攻疫学保健学講座社会予防疫学分野
  • 中井 里史
    横浜国立大学大学院環境情報研究院・学府

書誌事項

タイトル別名
  • Exposure and Health Effect Assessment of Cadmium in Japan
  • ショクヒンチュウ カドミウム ノ バクロ ヒョウカ ト ケンコウ エイキョウ ヒョウカ

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抄録

The major source of exposure to cadmium among Japanese is rice. A half of total dietary cadmium intake comes from rice. Since 2001, we have been investigated in relationship between dietary cadmium exposure and health effects such as renal tubular among 1310 farm housewives in 5 districts in Japan, who have been consumed their rice harvested in their paddy. The geometric means of Cd in the rice(R-Cd)were 0.022, 0.061, 0.054, 0.113, and 0.154 µg/g in district A, B, C, D, and E, respectively. The estimates of total dietary Cd exposure revealed that 0.5 - 2.5% of the participants in district A were exposed to a higher Cd dose than the current Provisional Tolerable Weekly Intake(PTWI),i.e. 4.5 - 20.3% in district B, 6.9 - 22.2% in district C, 24.0 -52.5% in district D, and 35.6 - 66.8% in district E. Creatinin-adjusted urinary Cd(U-Cd)increased age-dependently, and correlated with the degree of Cd contamination in the districts. Renal biomarkers showed statistically significant increases in an age-dependent manner in all the districts, but were correlated with neither U-Cd nor B-Cd, nor R-Cd. Multiple regression analysis depicted no significant increase in the prevalence of renal biomarkers in each district after adjustment for age. In conclusion, this study showed that the prevalence of renal tubular dysfunction remains the same among female farmers exposed to life-long dietary Cd close to or above the current PTWI.

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