Study on the Chemical Composition of Snowfall in Aomori Prefecture, Japan.

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  • 青森県における降雪の化学組成
  • チョウサ ホウコク アオモリケン ニ オケル コウセツ ノ カガク ソセイ

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Abstract

We determined 50 components (5 components and 45 elements) in two snowfalls and a rime-ice of ice-monster collected at Mt. Hakkoda and Rokkasho-mura in Aomori prefecture using ion chromatography, ICP-AES, ICP-MS and high-resolution ICP-MS. Element concentrations ranged almost 8 orders of magnitude (mg/kg to pg/kg) . The snow samples showed pH of about 5 and rime sample showed 4.4, indicating these samples were acidic. The element concentrations in rime sample were generally higher than these in snowfall. Relative concentrations in rime and snow samples, however, were very similar to each other. And also, chondrite-normalized rare-earth elements (REE) patterns in samples were very similar to each other and flat pattern at heavy REE area with Eu negative anomaly. This pattern was similar to those in natural fresh water samples such as river water. These results suggest that the acidifying materials in the snow and rime-ice have similar origin.<BR>In addition, we performed a water extraction experiment using three type of standard reference materials; vehicle exhaust particulates (NIES-8), coal fly ash (JCFA-1 and NIST-1633), and soil (IAEA-7) . Only the water extract of vehicle exhaust particulate showed low pH. Relative concentrations of dissolved components in the extract were very similar to those in the snow and rime samples. On the other hand, the extracts from coal fly ash and soil did not show low pH, and relative element concentrations were different from snow and rime samples. The results suggest that vehicle exhaust particulates could be potential candidate of acidifying substance of the snowfall in Tohoku area (north of Japan) .

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