The impact of local community agricultural practices on livelihood security and forest degradation around the Tesso Nilo national park in Riau Province, Sumatra, Indonesia

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Land use in Sumatra’s Riau Province, Indonesia, has undergone rapid change in the last few decades, with the introduction of large-scale industrial development that relies heavily on available natural resources. As a result, the possibilities for local communities to provide for themselves through agriculture and forest product gathering have greatly diminished. Against the backdrop of the recent establishment of the Tesso Nilo national park and the continuing forest degradation and forest loss in Riau Province, this study takes a look at local community agricultural practices in the area surrounding the national park. It analyses the current agricultural practices of indigenous and migrant communities (Village A and Village B respectively), the (long-term) livelihood security that these agricultural practices provide, and the relationship between current agricultural practices and natural resource degradation in and around the Tesso Nilo national park. Households in Village B derived most of their income (75%) from smallholder oil palm plantations set up through the Nucleus Estate and Smallholder (NES) program. Households in Village A derived only a small part of their income (13%) from agricultural practices related to shifting cultivation. Among the reasons identified for the ineffectiveness of the shifting cultivation practice of households in Village A are: the large-scale conversion of forest areas into plantations, logging concessions and national parks leaving no lands that can be legally accessed for shifting cultivation, continuing degradation of the forests, and an increasing population, all making available lands of adequate quality scarce. A substantial part of income for households in Village A consequently came from illegal logging (62%). In comparing analysis of the indigenous community of Village A to that of the migrant community of Village B, it can be concluded that only the establishment of sedentary forms of agriculture can provide local communities with sufficient income while simultaneously protecting remaining natural resources. However, lacking the means themselves, indigenous communities need to be given sufficient access to lands to establish new sustainable sedentary agricultural practices, as well as adequate technical and financial support in establishing them.

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  • Tropics

    Tropics 18 (2), 45-55, 2009

    日本熱帯生態学会

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